This article has lots of detail about markers of aging. I’m not up to date on many of them, but some I’ve discussed before. I’ve covered telomeres, autophagy. And my book, Radical Resilience had an entire chapter on Longevity Science and Anti-Aging.
López-Otín, Carlos et al.
Cell, Volume 186, Issue 2, 243 – 278
cell article on measures of aging (PDF at the link)
Aging is driven by hallmarks fulfilling the following three premises: (1) their age-associated manifestation, (2) the acceleration of aging by experimentally accentuating them, and (3) the opportunity to decelerate, stop, or reverse aging by therapeutic interventions on them. We propose the following twelve hallmarks of aging: genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, disabled macroautophagy, deregulated nutrient-sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, altered intercellular communication, chronic inflammation, and dysbiosis. These hallmarks are interconnected among each other, as well as to the recently proposed hallmarks of health, which include organizational features of spatial compartmentalization, maintenance of homeostasis, and adequate responses to stress.
